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The electromagnetic field may be thought of in a more 'coarse' way. This view is useful to a certain extent (radiation of low frequency), however, problems are found at high frequencies (see ultraviolet catastrophe). For instance, the metal atoms in a radio transmitter appear to transfer energy continuously. In this case, energy is viewed as being transferred continuously through the electromagnetic field between any two locations. For example, oscillating charges produce variations in electric and magnetic fields that may be viewed in a 'smooth', continuous, wavelike fashion. The electromagnetic field may be viewed in two distinct ways: a continuous structure or a discrete structure.Ĭlassically, electric and magnetic fields are thought of as being produced by smooth motions of charged objects.
#Electromagnetic field theory gangadhar pdf free#
By contrast, from the perspective of quantum field theory, this field is seen as quantized meaning that the free quantum field (i.e. įrom a classical perspective in the history of electromagnetism, the electromagnetic field can be regarded as a smooth, continuous field, propagated in a wavelike manner. The force created by the electric field is much stronger than the force created by the magnetic field. The way in which charges and currents interact with the electromagnetic field is described by Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law. The electric field is produced by stationary charges, and the magnetic field by moving charges (currents) these two are often described as the sources of the field. The field can be viewed as the combination of an electric field and a magnetic field. Its quantum counterpart is one of the four fundamental forces of nature (the others are gravitation, weak interaction and strong interaction.) The electromagnetic field propagates at the speed of light (in fact, this field can be identified as light) and interacts with charges and currents. It is the field described by classical electrodynamics and is the classical counterpart to the quantized electromagnetic field tensor in quantum electrodynamics. non-quantum) field produced by accelerating electric charges.
Following Topics Are Covered In Electromagnetic Theory Handwritten Notes: all Handwritten & Digital Notes are Free.
#Electromagnetic field theory gangadhar pdf crack#
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